Suppose WW is finite-dimensional and T1,T2∈L(V,W).T_1,T_2 \in \mathcal L(V,W). Prove that null T1⊆null T2\text{null } T_1 \subseteq \text{null }T_2 if and only if there exists S∈L(W,W)S \in \mathcal L(W,W) such that T2=ST1T_2 = ST_1.


First let's consider the case where VV is finite-dimensional, before generalizing to VV being possibly infinite dimensional.

Suppose null T1⊆null T2\text{null }T_1 \subseteq \text{null }T_2. Let w1,…,wrw_1,\dots,w_r form a basis for range T2\text{range }T_2 then extend to a basis w1,…,wmw_1,\dots,w_m of WW. Let v1,…,vrv_1,\dots,v_r be vectors in VV such that T2vj=wjT_2v_j = w_j then extend to a basis v1,…,vnv_1,\dots,v_n of VV.
Notice v1,…,vrv_1,\dots,v_r is independent since if it were dependent, it would implythat w1,…,wrw_1,\dots,w_r is dependent which it isn't since it's a basis. (this can be made rigorous with the linear dependence lemma)

Define S(T1vj)=T2vj=wjS(T_1v_j) = T_2v_j = w_j when j≤rj \le r and Swj=0Sw_j = 0 when j>rj > r. This definition makes sense because T1v1,…,T1vrT_1v_1,\dots,T_1v_r is independent (todo: rigor).
Any v∈Vv \in V can be written v=a1v1+⋯+anvnv = a_1v_1+\dots+a_nv_n. By linearity and ST1vj=T2vjST_1v_j = T_2v_j we get

T2v=T2(a1v1+⋯+anvn)=ST1(a1v1+⋯+anvn)=ST1vT_2v = T_2(a_1v_1 + \dots + a_nv_n) = ST_1(a_1v_1+\dots+a_nv_n) = ST_1v

Therefor T2=ST1T_2 = ST_1 over span(v1,…,vn)=V\text{span}(v_1,\dots,v_n) = V.

TODO: Handle the case where VV is infinite-dimensional, and make rigorous


First time I approached this I wasted a bunch of time trying to be uber-rigorous from the start. when I should have solved it quickly via a half-rigorous argument, then made it rigorous after.
An example: null T1⊆null T2\text{null }T_1 \subseteq \text{null }T_2 implying that Tv1,…,TvrTv_1,\dots,Tv_r were independent, intuitively clear to me so I initially skipped the proof.

Rigorizing things that are intuitively clear breaks my thought process when I'm looking for a solution, from now on i'll come up with a solution, then prove it.

Also be lazy about proving things, when I introduced v1,…,vrv_1,\dots,v_r I was tempted to immediately prove it's independent but I held myself off.

This took me so long! More then 2h In total. Here's what I did wrong: